Sebastian vizcaino explorer biography
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Sebastián Vizcaíno
Spanish explorer
Sebastián Vizcaíno (c. 1548–1624) was a Spanish soldier, entrepreneur, explorer, and diplomat whose varied roles took him to New Spain, the Baja California peninsula, the California coast and Asia.
Early career
[edit]Vizcaíno was born in 1548, in Extremadura, Crown of Castile (Spain). He saw military service in the Spanish invasion of Portugal during 1580–1583. Coming to New Spain in 1583, he sailed as a merchant on a Manila galleon to the Spanish East Indies in 1586–1589. In 1587, he was on board the Santa Ana as one of the merchants when Thomas Cavendish captured it, robbing him and others of their personal cargoes of gold.
The Californias
[edit]In 1593, the disputed concession for pearl fishing on the western shores of the Gulf of California was transferred to Vizcaíno. He succeeded in sailing with three ships to La Paz, Baja California Sur, in 1596. He gave this site (known to Hernándo Cortés as Santa Cruz) its modern name and attempted to establish a settlement. However, problems of resupply, declining morale, and a fire soon forced its abandonment.
In 1601, the Spanish viceroy in Mexico City, Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey, appointed Vizcaíno general-in-charge of a second expedition: to locate safe h
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by Gary S. Breschini, Ph.D.
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Vizcaíno, Sebastián (1548–1623)
Sebastián Vizcaíno (b. 1548; d. 1623), Spanish explorer and cartographer of the Californias. A native of Estremadura, Vizcaíno was a cavalry commander in the invasion of Portugal in 1580. He went to New Spain in 1583 and became merchant-militia commander at Manila in 1586. He conducted explorations in connection with his pearl-fishing monopoly, in the Gulf of California, from June to November 1596, founding La Paz on 13 September. Vizcaíno was general of an expedition that charted and mapped the Pacific coast of the Californias from 5 May 1602 to 21 February 1603; it also gave placenames from Cabo San Lucas to Cabo Blanco (in present-day Oregon). He was chief magistrate of Tehuantépec in 1604 and opened a supply route from Coatzocoalcos to the Pacific in 1606. After being granted an encomienda in the province of Ávalos in 1607, Vizcaíno served as the first European ambassador and cartographer in Japan (March 1611–January 1614). In October-November 1615 Vizcaíno repelled Dutch corsairs led by Joris von Spilbergen in Colima. After serving as chief magistrate of Acapulco (1616), he retired in 1619 to Mexico City, where he died.
See alsoExplorers and Exploration: Spanish America.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
W. Michael Mathes, ed., Californians I: D