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Chanakya
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Chanakya is the Hindu statesman as well as philosopher. He is also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta (flourished 300 BCE).
The renowned philosopher compiled nearly all of the literature on artha (property, economics, or material success) that had previously been penned in India up to his time in his classic work on polity, Artha-shastra ("The Science of Material Gain").
He was raised in Taxila, which is now in Pakistan, in a Brahman household. He was believed to have been knowledgeable about astrology and medicine, and it is thought that he was also aware of aspects of Greek & Persian culture that Zoroastrians had brought to India. According to some authorities, he may have been a Zoroastrian or perhaps had a significant Zoroastrian influence.
Despite living alone, Chanakya became a counsellor and adviser to Chandragupta, who established the Mauryan empire in northern India and ruled from 321 to 297. He played a key role in Chandragupta's victory over the mighty Nanda dynasty at Pataliputra in the Magadha area.
Chandragupta's manual was ultimately Chanakya's book. The government's 15 phases are covered in its 15 divisions, which Chanakya summarizes as "the science of punishment." He publicly counsels, creating a complex sp
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E-Book Overview
This book is a study of India's great epic, the Mahabharata, against the background of Indo-European myth, epic, and ritual. It builds upon the pioneering studies in these areas by Georges Dumezil and Stig Wikander to work toward the goal of understanding how this epic's Indo-European heritage is interpreted and reshaped within the setting of bhakti or devotional Hinduism.The book begins with a comparative typology of traditional classical epics, arguing that epic is a distinctive mythical genre, and that the Mahabharata in particular should be studied as part of an Indo-European epic and (and not just mythical) continuum. The reshaping of Indo-European themes is then examined in relation to the Mahabharata's central mystery: the figure of Krishna, hero and ally of the Panbrothers in their struggles against their cousins, the Kauravas, and incarnation of Vis.
The study argues that Krishna figures in the epic at the center of a coherent theological ensemble that builds upon continuities in Indo-European, Vedic, and particularly Brahmanic sacrificial idioms. Ultimately, Krishna guides the forces of dharma or righteousness through a great "sacrifice of battle" whose eschatological background recalls Indo-European and Vedic themes, while projecting them into the H