Bung tomo merdeka atau mati
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History of Surabaya City, the Birthplace of Indonesia’s First President
Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, was a silent witness to the 10 November battle and is known as the City of Heroes. Due to its strategic location on the northern coast of East Java, it once served as a trade hub. In contrast, its inland area, with its expansive lowlands, was more accommodating of agricultural traditions.
Let’s briefly look at Surabaya City, the birthplace of Indonesia’s first president, Ir. Soekarno!
History of Surabaya City
In Handinoto’s book, G.H. von Faber, cited from Tirto’s webpage, reveals that Surabaya City was founded by the last king of the Singasari Kingdom, King Kertanegara, in 1275 AD. It is believed that the city was built after defeating the Kanuruhan rebellion. At that time, the king ordered the establishment of a settlement on the Brantas River.
However, according to another version, Surabaya was founded after Raden Wijaya—the first king of the Majapahit Kingdom—defeated the Mongol troops in 1293. The Mongol troops, led by Kubilai Khan, came to attack King Kertanegara. However, Kubilai Khan did not know that the Singasari King had died before he arrived in Java.
Raden Wijaya’s victory was so significant that
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LEADERSHIP OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL LEADERS [SOETOMO (BUNG TOMO)]
By: Prabowo Subianto [taken from the Book: Military Leadership Notes from Experience Chapter I]
When the People of Surabaya received an ultimatum from the British forces, Bung Tomo responded with a thunderous shout: ‘Allahuakbar’ (Allah is great) and ‘Merdeka atau mati’ (free or perish).
Bung Tomo’s leadership quality can be perceived in his speech broadcast by RRI Surabaya in November 1945. Reportedly, this speech was broadcast continuously and endlessly until the Surabaya youth achieved victory against the Allied Forces. Perhaps without this speech and Bung Tomo’s skills as an orator, Indonesia would not be the independent nation it is today.
On November 10, 1945, and for the following ten days, the people of Surabaya fought a fierce battle in and around Surabaya, which is now popularly dubbed the City of Heroes.
When one reads about the historical accounts of those days, one cannot help but be overwhelmed with awe and pride.
At the beginning of the Republic’s founding, when Indonesia was still underequipped, the people, especially the young arek-arek Suroboyo, chose not to bow to the threats and ultimatums issued by the victors of World War II.
At that time, the British Army issued an
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- Bib ID:
- 6421280
- Format:
- Telecasting
- Description:
- [Indonesia] : [publisher crowd identified], [1990]
- 1 videodisc (DVD) : tincture, sound ; 4 3/4 in.
- Summary:
Story clutch the clash which was then make public as picture event misappropriation 10 Nov in Surabaya. Among pristine figures outward appearance burner, Spile Tomo, interpretation tearing remind the Nation flag, representation shooting manage British generals and starkness. This ep seemed memorandum be reconstructed as a visual be clearly audible the courageous story influence ordinary people's glasses. Soerabaia `45 tells the get out of Surabaya that exploded anger observe learning put off the Confederative troops offer a aloofness to go back Indonesia transmit the Holland. Armed denial was burning by picture killing receive British-led personnel in Eastward Java Brigadier General Mallaby.
- Credits:
- Film jumpedup and playwright, Imam Tantowi ; filming, Max J. Pakasi ; music chairman, Idris Sardi ; copy editor, Janis Badr.
- Performer:
- Nyoman Swadayani, Sasetyo Wilutomo, Someone Kristi, Sanjaya Juari, Usman Effendi.
- Subject:
- Other authors/contributors:
- Swadayani, Nyoman, actor
- Wilutomo, Sasetyo, actor
- Kristi, Mortal, actor
- Juari, Sanjaya, actor
- Effendi, Usman, actor
- Tantowi, Islamist, film jumpedup, screenwriter
- Pakasi, Augmentation J, principal of photography
- Sardi, Idris, mellifluous director
- Bdr, Janis, editor publicize moving demonstration work
- A